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Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2004) - San Marino (2004)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2004) z San Marino (2004)

 Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2004)San Marino (2004)
 Ashmore and Cartier IslandsSan Marino
Administrative divisions - 9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle
Age structure - 0-14 years: 16.5% (male 2,425; female 2,277)


15-64 years: 66.8% (male 9,200; female 9,834)


65 years and over: 16.7% (male 2,059; female 2,708) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products - wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides
Airports - none (2003 est.)
Area total: 5 sq km


land: 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island		 total: 61.2 sq km


land: 61.2 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve. The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marino in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.
Birth rate - 10.31 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget - revenues: $400 million


expenditures: $400 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)
Capital - San Marino
Climate tropical Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Coastline 74.1 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution - 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Country name conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands


conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands		 conventional long form: Republic of San Marino


conventional short form: San Marino


local long form: Repubblica di San Marino


local short form: San Marino
Currency - euro (EUR)
Death rate - 7.96 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external - NA
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) San Marino does not have an embassy in the US


honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC and New York


honorary consulate(s): Detroit and Honolulu
Disputes - international Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia has closed the surrounding waters to Indonesian traditional fishing and has created a national park in the region while continuing to prospect for hydrocarbons in the vicinity none
Economic aid - recipient - NA
Economy - overview no economic activity The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2000 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food.
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 3 m		 lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m


highest point: Monte Titano 755 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution
Ethnic groups - Sammarinese, Italian
Exchange rates - euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)
Executive branch - chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Giuseppe ARZILLI and Captain Regent Roberto RASCHI (for the period 1 October 2004-31 March 2005)


head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fabio BERARDI (15 December 2003)


cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term


elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA September 2004 (next to be held March 2005); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 13 December 2003 (next to be held June 2006 when general elections are scheduled)


election results: Giuseppe ARZILLI and Roberto RASCHI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA%; Fabio BERARDI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA%


note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister
Exports - trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Exports - commodities - building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description the flag of Australia is used two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)
GDP - purchasing power parity - $940 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: NA


industry: NA


services: NA
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $34,600 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 7.5% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 12 14 S, 123 05 E 43 46 N, 12 25 E
Geography - note Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines
Highways - total: 220 km


paved: 220 km


unpaved: 0 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Imports - trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Imports - commodities - wide variety of consumer manufactures, food
Independence - 3 September 301
Industrial production growth rate - 6% (1997 est.)
Industries - tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine
Infant mortality rate - total: 5.85 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 6.28 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 5.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 3.3% (2001)
International organization participation - CE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch - Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII
Labor force - 18,500 (1999)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 1%, industry 42%, services 57% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 39 km


border countries: Italy 39 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2001)		 arable land: 16.67%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 83.33% (2001)
Languages - Italian
Legal system the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch - unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 10 June 2001 (next to be held by June 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 41.4%, PSS 24.2%, PD 20.8%, APDS 8.2%, RC 3.4%, AN 1.9%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 15, PD 12, APDS 5, RC 2, AN 1
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 81.53 years


male: 78.02 years


female: 85.34 years (2004 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 10 and over can read and write


total population: 96%


male: 97%


female: 95% (1976 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between north-western Australia and Timor island Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Map references Southeast Asia Europe
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 12 nm


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm		 none (landlocked)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force -
Military branches - Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar); note - the Voluntary Military Force performs ceremonial duties and limited police assistance
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $700,000 (FY00/01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA
National holiday - Founding of the Republic, 3 September (301)
Nationality - noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)


adjective: Sammarinese
Natural hazards surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards NA
Natural resources fish building stone
Net migration rate - 10.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
People - note the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem -
Political parties and leaders - Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [leader NA]; Party of Democrats or PD [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island (July 2004 est.)		 28,503 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA
Population growth rate - 1.33% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only none
Radio broadcast stations - AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions - Roman Catholic
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female


total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: adequate connections


domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system


international: country code - 378; connected to Italian international network
Telephones - main lines in use - 20,600 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 16,800 (2002)
Television broadcast stations - 1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)
Terrain low with sand and coral rugged mountains
Total fertility rate - 1.32 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate - 2.6% (2001)
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